The 2009 Linux and free software timeline
Here is LWN's twelfth annual timeline of significant events in the Linux and free software world for the year.
2009 offered few surprises to those that have been following Linux and free software for as long as we have. As expected, there were new releases of many of the tools and underlying infrastructure that we use on a daily basis. There were also lawsuits over software patents, arguments over licensing, and various security flaws found and fixed. Distributions were packaged up and released, more phones and other devices with Linux and free software were sold, and so forth. All part of the march to "world domination". We look forward to 2010—and beyond.
This is version 0.95 of the 2009 timeline. There are almost certainly some errors or omissions; if you find any, please send them to timeline@lwn.net.
LWN subscribers have paid for the development of this timeline, along with previous timelines and the weekly editions. If you like what you see here, or elsewhere on the site, please consider subscribing to LWN.
For those with a nostalgic bent, our timeline index page has links to the previous eleven timelines and some other retrospective articles going all the way back to 1998.
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Acknowledgments: "American Dave" Kline, LWN user "xav", and A.M. Kuchling all made suggestions or corrections to help make this timeline better.
| January | 
-- Ted Ts'o
 One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) restructures, laying off half the
staff and "refocusing" in various ways.  (OLPC
blog)
![[Valgrind logo]](http://lwn.net/images/ns/ValgrindLogo.png) 
Valgrind releases version 3.4.0 of the popular program analysis tool for finding memory and other errors. (review).
Nokia announces the release of Qt under LGPLv2.1 for the upcoming
4.5 release. (announcement). 
![[LCA security panel]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/lca09-secpanel.jpg) 
linux.conf.au is held in Hobart, Tasmania. (LWN coverage, 2, 3, 4, and 5)
-- Guido van Rossum on how Python got its name
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 is released. (announcement)
![[Moonlight]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/moonlight_logo.png) 
Moonlight developers work overtime to make President Obama's inauguration viewable on Linux, because the streams were only made available in Silverlight form. (article)
GCC and FSF announce a GPLv3 exception to allow for GCC plugins; the exception is for the GCC runtime library and will allow free software plugins, while preventing proprietary plugins. This particular incarnation of the exception is not adopted. (announcement)
![[Knoppix Logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/knoppix-logo.png) KNOPPIX 6.0 is released. (announcement,
review)
KNOPPIX 6.0 is released. (announcement,
review) 
KDE 4.2 is released. (announcement)
AMD releases 3D register reference guide for R6xx/R7xx chips, which will help with the development of free software drivers for devices using those chips. (announcement)
The Linux Foundation kicks off the "We're Linux" video contest. (press release)
| February | 
![[Zope logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl/zope.png) 
Zope 3.4 is released after two years of development on the Python-based web application server.(announcement)
Red Hat hires former Mandriva community manager Adam Williamson to drive community involvement in Fedora QA. (introduction)
Miro internet TV version 2.0 is released. (announcement)
RPM version 4.6.0 released; the package manager used by Red Hat, Mandriva, SUSE, and others. (announcement)
Debian 5.0 ("Lenny") is released after "22 months of constant
development
". (announcement)  The
release is dedicated to
Thiemo Seufer, a community member who died in a car accident.
![[Debian]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2008/debianlogo.png) 
DragonFly BSD 2.2 is released—now with a production-ready HAMMER filesystem. (announcement)
-- EFF Staff Attorney Corynne McSherry
Kurt Roeckx is appointed as Debian project secretary, after the previous secretary resigned in late 2008. (announcement)
Red Hat moves from Xen to KVM for virtualization in future releases, as expected by many after its acquisition of Qumranet. (press release)
Microsoft launches patent suit against TomTom, for patents on the VFAT filesystem among other things. (LWN coverage)
BASH 4.0 is released.; BASH is the Bourne-Again SHell (announcement)
X server 1.6.0 released. (announcement)
| March | 
-- Andrew Morton on kernel code
The Linux Foundation acquires the Linux.com domain, which they will turn into a community news and collaboration site. (announcement)
MontaVista starts Meld community site for embedded Linux developers. (announcement)
The "ext4 data loss" controversy heats up. (first LWN article)
![[Firefox]](https://static.lwn.net/images/ns/firefoxlogo.png) 
Firefox 3.1 renamed to 3.5 to better reflect the scope of the
changes. (announcement)
![[Tuz]](https://static.lwn.net/images/ns/kernel/tuz-logo.png) 
The Linux kernel gets a new logo for one release; "Tuz" is a reminder of the plight of the Tasmanian devil. (LWN coverage)
-- Rob Enderle grasping at straws
GNOME 2.26 released. (announcement)
Parrot 1.0.0 released; Parrot is a "virtual machine aimed at
running all dynamic languages
". (announcement, LWN article) 
Linux 2.6.29 is released with an experimental Btrfs, squashfs, kernel mode setting for Intel graphics hardware, and more. (announcement, KernelNewbies coverage)
SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 is released in both desktop (SLED) and
server (SLES) varieties. (press
release)
![[Rails]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/rails.png) 
Rails 2.3 released—aka Ruby on Rails, the Ruby-based web framework. (announcement)
GNOME switches to Git, from Subversion, for version control. (announcement)
Microsoft vs. TomTom comes to an end, via a settlement, but, before that, TomTom joins the Open Invention Network and countersues Microsoft. (Groklaw settlement article)
Fedora issues report on August 2008 intrusion, seven months after it occurs. (report)
Python starts switch to Mercurial for distributed version control. (Guido van Rossum's announcement)
| April | 
-- Debian project leader candidate Stefano "Zack" Zacchiroli
CentOS 5.3 released. (announcement) 
![[Ardour]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/ardour_logo.png) 
Ardour, the multi-track audio editor, releases version 2.8. (announcement)
Intel turns over stewardship of Moblin to the Linux Foundation. (press release)
SGI acquired by Rackable Systems for $25 million. (press release)
Openmoko downsizes and stops work on the GTA03 to focus on the then-mysterious "Project B" (Steve Mosher email, PDF slides from Sean Moss-Pultz's presentation)
![[Filesystems
workshop]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/lsf2009-group-sm.jpg) 
The Linux Storage and Filesystems Workshop takes place in San Francisco, April 7-8 (LWN coverage: day 1 and day 2)
Steve McIntyre is re-elected as Debian project leader. (announcement)
Oracle buys Sun, though surely they didn't think it would be held up in the EU regulatory process until at least December. (announcement)
GCC 4.4.0 is released. (announcement, LWN coverage)
![[Ubuntu]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl/ubuntu.png) 
Ubuntu 9.04, "Jaunty Jackalope", is released. (announcement) 
![[NetBSD]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/NetBSD-logo.png) 
NetBSD 5.0 is released. (announcement, LWN review)
Mandriva 2009 Spring (2009.1) released. (announcement)
| May | 
-- GNOME Foundation board member Luis Villa
A patch to avoid Microsoft's VFAT patent claim, which was asserted in the TomTom lawsuit, is proposed on linux-kernel. (LWN article)
OpenBSD 4.5 is released. (announcement)
Debian announces a switch to EGLIBC, instead of glibc for its C runtime library. (announcement, LWN article)
-- PulseAudio (PA) developer Lennart Poettering
OpenOffice.org 3.1 is released. (announcement)
AMD releases 3D programming guide for R6xx/R7xx chips. (announcement)
![[Slackware]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/slackware_logo.png) 
Slackware64 is released—based on Slackware 13.0, it is the first official 64-bit Slackware release. (announcement)
Cisco and the Free Software Foundation settle a GPL compliance
lawsuit; Cisco will appoint a Free Software Director for its Linksys
subsidiary. (announcement)
![[Linux
Mint]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/linuxmint7logo.png) 
Linux Mint 7 ("Gloria") distribution is released (announcement, LWN review)
-- OpenSMTPD developer Gilles Chehade
Wikipedia switches from the GNU Free Documentation License to the Creative Commons attribution-sharealike license. (announcement, LWN coverage)
TurboGears 2.0 is released; it is a Python-based web application
framework. (announcement)
![[KOffice]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/koffice.png) 
KOffice 2.0.0 is released. (announcement)
| June | 
The US Supreme Court agrees to hear the Bilski case, which could change the software patent landscape. (SCOTUS Blog report)
The 2.6.30 kernel is released with the TOMOYO security module, nilfs filesystem, reliable datagram sockets, FS-Cache, and more. (announcement, KernelNewbies coverage)
Fedora 11 ("Leonidas") is released. (announcement)
-- Paul Frields announces Fedora 11
Intel acquires embedded Linux vendor Wind River Systems. (press
release) 
![[Amarok]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2008/amarok.png) 
KDE audio player Amarok 2.1 is released. (announcement, LWN review)
Ubuntu announces switch to the GRUB2 bootloader for 9.10 ("Karmic Koala"). (announcement, LWN coverage)
Sugar Labs announces Sugar on a Stick "Strawberry" featuring Fedora 11 and Sugar learning environment version 0.84. (announcement)
-- Openmoko CEO Sean Moss-Pultz
Richard Stallman warns about dependence on Mono and C#,which stirs up a lot of controversy. (RMS's warning, LWN coverage)
Firefox 3.5 is released with private browsing, HTML5 video and audio
support for Ogg Theora and Vorbis, a faster JavaScript engine, and
more. (announcement)
![[PHP]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/php.gif) 
PHP 5.3 is released. (announcement)
Python 3.1 is released, focusing on the "stabilization and
optimization of the features and 
changes that Python 3.0 introduced
". (announcement)
The Ogg codecs (Vorbis and Theora) are dropped from HTML5, which means there will be no standard codecs for <video> and <audio> in HTML5. (announcement)
| July | 
-- Linux audio maven Dave Phillips
PostgreSQL 8.4 is released. (announcement)
![[Chrome logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/chromelogo.png) 
Google announces Chrome OS, a Linux-based, web-centric OS for ARM and x86. (announcement, LWN coverage)
VLC media player 1.0 is released. (announcement, LWN review)
-- Filesystems hacker Valerie Aurora
![[Mercurial logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2008/logo-hg-50.png) 
Mercurial releases version 1.3 of the Python-based distributed version control system. (announcement)
The Gran Canaria Desktop Summit is held in the Canary Islands—it is the first time that GNOME and KDE co-located their annual conferences. (KDE.News coverage)
Maemo announces a switch from GTK/Hildon to Qt, something that doesn't come as a complete surprise after Nokia acquired Qt provider Trolltech. (LWN coverage)
The International Free and Open Source Software Law Review is launched. (announcement)
A local user privilege escalation vulnerability in the kernel, which (ab)uses NULL pointer dereferences is announced with a proof-of-concept exploit. (LWN coverage part 1 and part 2)
The Nmap security scanner releases version 5.0. (announcement)
Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, released its Launchpad source code under a free software license. (announcement)
![[Django logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/django.gif) Django 1.1 is released; Django is a Python-based web framework. (announcement)
Django 1.1 is released; Django is a Python-based web framework. (announcement) 
Amazon fails in its irony detection and deletes George Orwell's 1984 (and Animal Farm) from users' Kindle e-book readers. (New York Times coverage)
Emacs 23.1 is released. (announcement)
Botnet simulation boots one million virtualized Linux kernels at Sandia National Laboratories. (LinuxInsider article)
| August | 
-- Chrome/Chromium hacker Adam Langley
KDE 4.3 is released. (announcement)
Novell devotes ten engineers to the openSUSE project, rather than have them work as time is available. (announcement)
openSUSE reduces maintenance period for new distribution releases to 18 months, down from 24 months. (announcement)
An injunction against the OpenBTS cellular base station project is lifted, allowing discussion of the project by certain members once again. (announcement, LWN injunction article)
Ubuntu removes the controversial "multisearch" feature from Karmic Koala (9.10), because of privacy and usability concerns. (LWN coverage)
Arch Linux 2009.08 is released. (announcement)
![[KMyMoney logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/kmymoney.png) KMyMoney 1.0 is released, after two years of development on the
personal finance management application. (announcement, LWN review)
KMyMoney 1.0 is released, after two years of development on the
personal finance management application. (announcement, LWN review)
-- appeals court in SCO v. Novell softens the blow [PDF]
Yet another kernel NULL pointer vulnerability is reported, in what is becoming a steady stream of such reports. (linux-kernel posting, more LWN coverage)
Desktop publisher Scribus releases version 1.3.5 (release notes, LWN review)
![[Art of
Community]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/artofcommunity.gif) O'Reilly publishes The Art of Community by Ubuntu community
manager Jono Bacon. (announcement)
O'Reilly publishes The Art of Community by Ubuntu community
manager Jono Bacon. (announcement) 
The Linux Foundation updates its kernel development statistics white paper, authored by Jonathan Corbet, Greg Kroah-Hartman, and Amanda McPherson. (announcement, white paper [PDF])
Nokia's Quim Gil
An appeals court rules that SCO's claims about Unix copyrights should go to trial, overturning the summary judgment that Novell "won" in 2007 and breathing new life into the SCO litigation circus. (LWN coverage)
openSUSE defaults desktop choice to KDE, though GNOME and others still remain as supported choices. (announcement, LWN coverage)
Unix celebrates its 40th birthday. (BBC article)
Slackware 13.0 is released, with support for 64-bit processors. (announcement, LWN review)
| September | 
-- Ingo Molnar
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 is released, with x86_64 KVM support, FUSE, the XFS filesystem, and more. (release notes)
Linux 2.6.31 is released with performance counter support, kernel mode setting for ATI Radeon chipsets, kmemleak, USB 3.0 support, and more. (announcement, KernelNewbies coverage)
-- UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown on Alan Turing
Debian announces a switch to Upstart for boot-time initialization. (announcement)
Microsoft forms the CodePlex foundation to foster cooperation between software companies and open source communities. (announcement, LWN coverage)
Alan Turing gets a long-belated apology from the UK government for his treatment for being gay. (Prime Minister Gordon Brown's apology)
-- Linus Torvalds surprises no one
The first-ever LinuxCon is held in Portland, Oregon co-located with the second-ever Linux Plumbers Conference. (LinuxCon event site)
![[Puppy logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/puppylogo96.png) Puppy Linux 4.3 is released. (announcement, LWN review)
Puppy Linux 4.3 is released. (announcement, LWN review) 
![[LWN shirt]](https://static.lwn.net/images/lwn-shirt.jpg) LWN finally makes T-shirts and other branded items
available for sale. (LWN.net
CafePress store)
LWN finally makes T-shirts and other branded items
available for sale. (LWN.net
CafePress store) 
GNOME 2.28 is released. (announcement)
libtheora 1.1 "Thusnelda" is released bringing faster decoding and better quality to the Theora video codec. (announcement)
| October | 
X.org releases xorg-server 1.7 (announcement, LWN coverage)
-- M. Gleixner, M. McGuire [PDF] from the Real Time Linux Workshop
Gentoo celebrates its tenth birthday by releasing a Gentoo Linux 10.0 LiveDVD. (announcement)
OpenSSH also celebrates its tenth anniversary with the release of OpenSSH 5.3. (announcement)
TurboGears releases version 1.1 of the Python-based web framework. (announcement)
The Real Time Linux Workshop is held in Dresden, Germany. (LWN coverage)
![[RT Linux Workshop]](https://static.lwn.net/images/conf/rtlws11/dresden-speakers-sm.jpg) 
Amarok 2.2 "Sunjammer" is released. (KDE.News report)
Nokia releases the N900 based on Maemo 5 and quite hackable. (LWN report from the Maemo Summit)
-- Mike McGrath of Fedora/Red Hat
![[GDB mascot]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/archer.jpg) GDB 7.0 is released with reverse debugging, Python scripting, and
more. (announcement)
GDB 7.0 is released with reverse debugging, Python scripting, and
more. (announcement) 
CentOS 5.4 is released. (announcement)
OpenBSD 4.6 is released. (announcement)
Darl McBride is terminated as SCO CEO and as the longtime "face" of SCO's litigation strategy. (Groklaw coverage)
The Linux Kernel Summit is held in Asia, specifically Tokyo, for the first time. It is co-located with the Japan Linux Symposium. (LWN Kernel Summit coverage)
X11R7.5 is released with multi-pointer X, RANDR enhancements, and
more. (announcement, Peter
Hutterer's disambiguation)
![[SeaMonkey logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/seamonkey64.png) 
SeaMonkey 2.0 is released—the heir to Netscape Communicator as
an all-in-one internet suite. (announcement) 
![[Beer
mug]](https://static.lwn.net/images/conf/nluug-fall-09/nluug-mugs-sm.jpg) 
Version 2.6 of the LLVM compiler is released with the first release of the Clang C/Objective-C compiler, better code generation, and more. (announcement)
Word processor AbiWord releases version 2.8 with collaboration support, "true" SVG support, and more. (announcement, LWN review)
Ubuntu "Karmic Koala" (9.10) is released. (announcement, LWN review)
| November | 
Mandriva 2010.0 is released. (release notes, LWN review)
One Laptop Per Child cancels the XO-2, opting instead for an ARM-based XO-1.75 in the near term and an XO-3 in 2012. (OLPC News report)
Python declares a moratorium on syntax and grammar changes through the 2.7 and 3.2 releases and possibly longer. (LWN coverage)
GNOME plans for a 3.0 release in September 2010 and 2.30 in March. (announcement)
![[Go
logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/go-logo.png) Google announces a new systems programming language:
Go—released under a BSD license. (web site, language tutorial)
 
 Google announces a new systems programming language:
Go—released under a BSD license. (web site, language tutorial)
Cavium Networks acquires MontaVista Software one of the first commercial embedded Linux vendors. (press release)
A fundamental flaw is found in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, which allows man-in-the-middle plaintext injection attacks. (LWN coverage)
openSUSE 11.2 is released with KDE 4.3, GNOME 2.28, OpenOffice.org 3.1, and more. (announcement, LWN review)
![[Fedora
logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/fedora-logo.png) Fedora 12 is released with rpmdelta support, virtualization
improvements, and more. (announcement, LWN conversation with Paul Frields)
 
Fedora 12 is released with rpmdelta support, virtualization
improvements, and more. (announcement, LWN conversation with Paul Frields) 
Knoppix 6.2 is released with kernel 2.6.31.6, X.org 7.4, and more. (The H article)
Google releases the Chromium OS source under a BSD license. (announcement)
Fedora 12 initially ships with a security hole by default allowing unprivileged users to install signed packages from signed repositories without requiring a password. (LWN coverage)
![[KDE
logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/kde-logo.jpg) KDE repositions its "brand" by separating the KDE software into
different groups: KDE Plasma Desktop, KDE Platform, KDE Applications, and
KDE Software Compilation. (KDE.News report)
 
KDE repositions its "brand" by separating the KDE software into
different groups: KDE Plasma Desktop, KDE Platform, KDE Applications, and
KDE Software Compilation. (KDE.News report)
Vector drawing program Inkscape releases version 0.47, which has been massively overhauled from previous versions. (release notes)
FreeBSD 8.0 is released. (announcement, LWN review)
Linux Mint 8 "Helena" is released. (announcement)
| December | 
![[Qt
logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/qt-logo.jpg) Qt 4.6 is released with multi-touch and gesture support, new
graphical capabilities, more platforms supported, and more. (announcement,
LWN coverage)
 
Qt 4.6 is released with multi-touch and gesture support, new
graphical capabilities, more platforms supported, and more. (announcement,
LWN coverage)
Linux 2.6.32 is released with devtmpfs, HWPOISON, more perf events features, kernel shared memory, and more. (announcement, KernelNewbies coverage)
Twisted 9.0.0 is released; Twisted is a Python-based event-driven networking engine. (announcement, LWN review)
-- Dave Airlie before he delivers Linus's pony
OpenInkpot releases version 0.2 of the free firmware for e-book readers. (announcement, LWN coverage)
![[Thunderbird logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/thunderbird-logo.jpg) Email client Thunderbird 3.0 is released (release
notes)
 
Email client Thunderbird 3.0 is released (release
notes)
Sugar on a Stick v2 "Blueberry" is released. (announcement)
Various efforts are made to get MySQL out from under the control of Oracle, either by license or ownership change. (LWN coverage)
The Software Freedom Law Center sues Best Buy, Samsung, Westinghouse, and others for GPL violations on behalf of the BusyBox project (announcement)
Malware disguised as a screensaver is made available at GNOME-Look.org, which serves as a reminder to be careful where you get your bits. (LWN coverage)
Fedora 10 reaches end of life. (announcement)
digiKam 1.0 is released. (announcement, LWN review)
![[Moonlight logo]](https://static.lwn.net/images/tl2009/moonlight.png) Moonlight 2 is released. (announcement)
 
Moonlight 2 is released. (announcement) 
Mark Shuttleworth announces that he is stepping down as Canonical
CEO effective March 2010, in favor of Jane Silber; Shuttleworth will
focus on design and 
quality for Canonical. (announcement)
 
           