"Patches welcome" means "Shut up!"

For some specific points you made:

> In that case, why have they made the change at all? Or many other changes? The usual claim is that each transformation by itself rarely makes any meaningful difference, but they add a whole lot of them, and together they usually result in smaller/faster code. And it's certain that you cannot generate smaller code by compiling an individual idiom into larger code.

Nobody intentionally pessimizes code, unless it's to fix some correctness issue. There's obviously no conspiracy against people with passionate opinions about generating optimal code for "b < b - 1". Without looking into specifics, my guess would be that this is an unintentional side-effect of some other work, and the effect it caused was insignificant in size/performance on the benchmark suites that are used to track the development of the compiler, mainly SPECcpu, but also other similar application benchmarks. Those are ultimately what people tend to care about, not some particular micro-optimization (unless that particular micro-optimization affects the size and/or performance of some larger application).

That is not to say micro-optimizations aren't useful; they certainly are used for analyzing the impact of some particular optimization passes etc. But again, ultimately what matters to users is the size/performance of complete applications. In some cases it can mean a code transformation that pessimizes some particular aspect (like generating optimal code for "b < b - 1") but makes some other code faster, for an ultimately positive result on SPEC, gets merged.

> Concerning gcc, I have mostly given up on the idea that they feel bound by the social contract where users find and report bugs and gcc maintainers fix them, so no, I don't expect them to do anything, and therefore I have mostly stopped reporting gcc bugs.

Like so many other projects, GCC has many more bug reports than it has developers able to fix them. Thus bugs have to be triaged, and if it so happens that your favourite bug isn't considered important enough to get the attention of the very limited developer time, then unfortunately it means it will languish. If you're unable to convince the developers that your bug is very important and needs attention, then other ways around that conundrum are to fix it yourself or pay someone to do it, hence 'patches welcome'. To the extent that can be construed as "Shut up!", it's pointing out that complaining about poor code generation on comp.arch, lwn, or some other forum, fun as it may be as a way to pass your free time, is unlikely to cause other people to step up and fix your issue.

> Concerning people who pay them, I doubt that Intel pays for gcc development with the intention that they implement transformations that make the code longer when using -Os.

Very true, but it's also likely true that out of the near infinite ways the compiler can be improved, Intel doesn't consider generating optimal code for "b < b - 1" to be particularly high on the list of priorities.