Localised bugs

As someone whose $dayjob currently revolves around SoCs targeting next-gen Automobiles, yes and no.

Yes in the sense that these systems _may_ share common physical communication buses, but No in the sense that when they do, there are figurative (as well as literal) firewalls designed into the overall system to ensure only suitably blessed messages are acted upon by any given component.

That isn't to say that bugs can't occur [1], just that this class of bug is nearly always due to incorrect/incomplete specifications, typically due to poorly-thought-out scope creep [2], not traits of the language used to implement the specification.

[1] I recall reading that someone was able to trigger brake lockup on some Jeep models via their cellular modems
[2] eg by exposing what was once a completely private and trusted bus to the open internet with no authentication to enable remote start capabilities.