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Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Ars Technica reports that Microsoft, Google, Mozilla, Cisco, Intel, Netflix, and Amazon have launched a new consortium, the Alliance for Open Media. "The Alliance for Open Media would put an end to this problem [of patent licenses and royalties]. The group's first aim is to produce a video codec that's a meaningful improvement on HEVC. Many of the members already have their own work on next-generation codecs; Cisco has Thor, Mozilla has been working on Daala, and Google on VP9 and VP10. Daala and Thor are both also under consideration by the IETF's netvc working group, which is similarly trying to assemble a royalty-free video codec."

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Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 18:56 UTC (Tue) by leoc (guest, #39773) [Link] (60 responses)

Without Apple, this ain't going anywhere. Might as well link to that xkcd comic about standards...

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 19:04 UTC (Tue) by davidstrauss (guest, #85867) [Link]

It can go plenty far if standards get whittled down to (1) an open codec and (2) something Apple devices support. Supporting only two standards would be a huge improvement over the current situation.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 19:40 UTC (Tue) by drag (guest, #31333) [Link]

Apple is the with the MPEG-LA group.

This is why they have consistently been the enemy of any attempt to standardize a royalty-free codec.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 20:05 UTC (Tue) by tao (subscriber, #17563) [Link] (21 responses)

That depends. I suspect that MacOS X and iOS users would be rather disappointed if they were the only ones who couldn't access youtube, for instance.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 20:49 UTC (Tue) by raven667 (subscriber, #5198) [Link] (15 responses)

Nothing like that is ever going to happen, no major entity is going to commit content-suicide by being intentionally incompatible with Apple (or MS or Google) platforms, but there may be a chance to move the center of gravity away from the MPEG-LA and cut out their ability to insert themselves in the revenue stream. The fact that this will also benefit Libre software is a side effect that we can make good use of.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 21:28 UTC (Tue) by ssmith32 (subscriber, #72404) [Link] (11 responses)

Apple doesn't have to support it - as long as it doesn't block your app from including it.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 12:18 UTC (Wed) by waucka (guest, #63097) [Link] (10 responses)

Actually, they do, at least on mobile. Any video standard without hardware decoding support is a non-starter on smartphones: even if the CPU is up to the task, it will eat up the battery real quick.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 16:16 UTC (Wed) by Lennie (subscriber, #49641) [Link] (8 responses)

It has been shown wireless networking and the screen use up the most of your battery. In tests that CPU is the least of your worries, you can run the CPU at full speed and the impact on battery life is minimal in comparison.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 16:43 UTC (Wed) by waucka (guest, #63097) [Link] (6 responses)

That's news to me. Links?

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 17:21 UTC (Wed) by Lennie (subscriber, #49641) [Link] (5 responses)

https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtcweb/current/msg0...

There were slides to back up this claim based on testing at some IETF RTCWEB WorkGroup meeting.

Not sure how easy it would be to find those.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 17:52 UTC (Wed) by waucka (guest, #63097) [Link] (2 responses)

Interesting. I suppose most smartphones now have sufficient CPU to decode video at a reasonable resolution, so perhaps this factor is not as significant as I thought. If not, RenderScript/Metal might work instead.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 17:58 UTC (Wed) by Lennie (subscriber, #49641) [Link]

More surprising, RTCWeb is about _encoding_ video.

RTCWeb is the IETF WorkingGroup that creates protocols for WebRTC (real time peer2peer video, audio and data communication for the browser)

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 8, 2015 3:43 UTC (Tue) by yehuday (guest, #93707) [Link]

not really.
decode/encode of HD videos very intensive on CPU.
from my experience you need at least 2 to 4 dedicated DSPs to do that in a relatively low power fashion and that's wasting a lot of precious silicon

video encode decode will always be HW based, especially with future standards adding complexity to improve compression

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 18:39 UTC (Wed) by magila (guest, #49627) [Link] (1 responses)

That discussion is in the context of video conferencing, where video resolution is around 360p and there's already significant battery drain from the camera and radio transmitter. The situation is quite a bit different when talking about streaming 1080p video from Youtube.

In my experience running the CPUs at full speed on my Nexus 5 drains the battery around 2% per minute, a rate which would make streaming video a non-starter for most people. I'd need to see some hard evidence that SW decode is viable for 1080p streaming to convince me of it.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 4, 2015 9:42 UTC (Fri) by epa (subscriber, #39769) [Link]

Yes, if you run all CPUs at full speed then it drains the battery quickly. But software decoding might not max out all the CPUs. If it uses only 20% of the capacity of one of the CPUs then the battery usage could be acceptable. In fact, I would be surprised if any video streaming maxed out the CPUs completely; if it does so, then there is no spare capacity and you risk interrupting the real-time playback if the phone needs to do something in the background or the video becomes more complex to decode momentarily.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 8, 2015 17:02 UTC (Tue) by zlynx (guest, #2285) [Link]

Whoever claimed that is lying or very mistaken.

All that you need to disprove it is a buggy phone app that goes into a CPU loop while in your pocket. 30 minutes later you will have no battery charge and a very hot pocket.

CPU use is minimal BECAUSE applications are careful to NOT use overuse it.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 8, 2015 20:04 UTC (Tue) by ssmith32 (subscriber, #72404) [Link]

And people will play their videos on their devices, and complain that apple battery life is terrible for that, and some will blame the app, and some will blame apple. But they'll still want their content. Remember when phones lasting "only" a day was bad battery life? We used to expect a week or so.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 21:41 UTC (Tue) by iabervon (subscriber, #722) [Link]

On the other hand, if iOS users got lower-quality video on youtube over a particular network connection or a particular amount of time after they were uploaded than Android users, on account of iOS not supporting the preferred codec, Google probably wouldn't mind too much. There's even plenty of practically unavoidable ways Google could degrade the non-free-codec experience without having it actually not work.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 22:06 UTC (Tue) by bmur (guest, #52954) [Link] (1 responses)

People said the same thing when gmail announced the discontinuation of IE6 support.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 15:21 UTC (Wed) by raven667 (subscriber, #5198) [Link]

I'm sure they did but those aren't really like situations, you are comparing support for a tiny fraction of legacy software over 10 years old at the time to current shipping hardware from one of the top tier manufacturers.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 20:52 UTC (Tue) by leoc (guest, #39773) [Link] (4 responses)

Regardless what comes of this effort, Google would never exclude iOS users from youtube.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 8:26 UTC (Wed) by jengelh (guest, #33263) [Link] (3 responses)

Exclude, no. But perhaps downgrade. Like, offering MPEG streams only up to 720p, and leaving 1080p+ to VP10/Daala/Thor formats.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 15:34 UTC (Wed) by raven667 (subscriber, #5198) [Link]

That's probably workable, you could sell it as saving the customer on their data connection in the degraded case and as an upgrade to higher quality in the Libre codec case, making the customer thankful for saving them money in the degraded case and put pressure on their vendor for high quality hardware decode in the Libre codec case, but not in any case pitting the customer against Netflix or Google for breaking their video.

Getting a hardware decode functional block added to the major SoC designs as soon as possible could make this a slam dunk, without that there is no way in the world any of this succeeds in moving the center of gravity away from MPEG-LA, especially since there are billions of devices out there right now that will still be there years from now that obviously will never have hardware decode for anything other than H.264, so that will have to be supported for a long long time.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Oct 4, 2015 9:51 UTC (Sun) by ghane (guest, #1805) [Link] (1 responses)

Excellent. Let us do what is good for us, the users who are not on our side ideologically can be relegated to second-tier status.

Imagine if Google said only Chrome would see 1080 videos, Firefox, etc, would be limited. All for "technical codec" reasons.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Oct 8, 2015 3:36 UTC (Thu) by flussence (guest, #85566) [Link]

> Imagine if Google said only Chrome would see 1080 videos, Firefox, etc, would be limited. All for "technical codec" reasons.

That's been happening since Chromium 1.0 (albeit with less aggressive browser-sniffing). Their browser engine has been a testbed for all kinds of experiments Google wants to do in the name of network performance: SPDY/HTTP2, QUIC, bleeding-edge versions of libvpx, WebP support, etc.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 20:33 UTC (Tue) by lamawithonel (subscriber, #86149) [Link]

Don't forget Avid and Adobe. Especially Adobe. I know Flash is on its way out, but a lot of professional content creators still depend on their software tools.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 21:16 UTC (Tue) by b7j0c (guest, #27559) [Link]

Not necessarily true. YouTube + Netflix are a huge pie slice of all streaming. If you just migrate those, it will make industry-wide waves. Many YouTube users are already using VP9 without even knowing it.

Apple/Cisco co-operation

Posted Sep 1, 2015 21:49 UTC (Tue) by pwfxq (subscriber, #84695) [Link]

According to this article on The Register, Apple & Cisco have agreed to co-operate. One possibility is that Apple will agree to support Cisco's codecs.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 23:23 UTC (Tue) by roc (subscriber, #30627) [Link] (31 responses)

Not true at all. Consider the worst case where Apple declines to have anything to do with the free video codec produced by the Alliance. Fine, Youtube and Netflix continue to serve H.264 to Apple devices (not a problem, since they'll need to do that anyway for a while due to legacy devices). Result: Netflix and Youtube work everywhere, but iPhones use twice as much bandwidth as all other devices. How long do you think Apple will tolerate that situation?

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 23:41 UTC (Tue) by SEJeff (guest, #51588) [Link] (27 responses)

Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 23:52 UTC (Tue) by roc (subscriber, #30627) [Link] (7 responses)

Even if Apple decides to stab their users in the face, that won't stop this Alliance from producing a free codec and having it used by everyone other than Apple, so "ain't going anywhere" is still wrong. But I can't see any incentive for Apple to do that. AFAIK they are not an HEVC patent holder.

Really the only thing that can stop free codecs now is if the HEVC licensing landscape shifts dramatically and offers sane licensing terms. No sign of that happening yet.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 1, 2015 23:55 UTC (Tue) by roc (subscriber, #30627) [Link] (6 responses)

I'm wrong, Apple is an HEVC patent licensor.

Still, if the rest of the industry avoids HEVC, being an HEVC patent licensor won't be worth much.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 0:52 UTC (Wed) by jmspeex (subscriber, #51639) [Link] (5 responses)

As far as I understand, Microsoft and Cisco also hold patents on HEVC, so it's not like having a stake in HEVC prevents anyone from doing free codecs.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 2:58 UTC (Wed) by drag (guest, #31333) [Link] (4 responses)

Microsoft has had no problem supporting free codecs in the past. Apple is the one that has the issue. I don't know about Cisco, but I doubt they really care one way or the other.

Apple has _ALWAYS_ fought against royalty-free codecs. They fought against Vorbis. They fought against Theora. They fought against Vp8 and now they are fighting against it now.

So I don't know why exactly Apple is so motivated to strike down any attempt to 'free the internet', but they have been very consistent in this regard. Microsoft is a much friendlier company then Apple has been.

Cisco & Royalty Free Codecs

Posted Sep 2, 2015 5:45 UTC (Wed) by pwfxq (subscriber, #84695) [Link] (2 responses)

I don't know about Cisco, but I doubt they really care one way or the other.

Oh I think Cisco *do* care. In the past few years they've bought Tandberg, Jabber & WebEx. All video based products which will have H.264 licensing costs. Then there's their video conferencing & video IP telephony endpoints too. If Cisco can save royalty payments, it would be bad business not to. Some of their newer kit supports royalty-free codecs. (Opus if memory serves) I get the impression they're going to want to push down the royalty-free codec route quite hard.

Look what they've done with Linux. In the past, their Linux appliances used to use Redhat. Now they all use CentOS instead.

Cisco & Royalty Free Codecs

Posted Sep 2, 2015 8:56 UTC (Wed) by luya (subscriber, #50741) [Link]

CentOS is part of Red Hat so it is a win-win situation. =)

Cisco & Royalty Free Codecs

Posted Sep 3, 2015 17:27 UTC (Thu) by rahvin (guest, #16953) [Link]

Cisco is very big in video telephony. The royalty costs are huge as every phone/connection needs a license. Cisco is actually the prime mover in this FOSS drive for a new video codec probably for that very reason.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 12:35 UTC (Wed) by nhasan (guest, #1699) [Link]

Well the reason is simple. Free and open codecs would level the playing field more for smaller players. They don't like that.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 2, 2015 0:19 UTC (Wed) by ldo (guest, #40946) [Link] (18 responses)

Unfortunately, most of that “profit” exists only on paper. Remember, that huge hoard is squirrelled away in Bermuda or the Cayman Islands or somewhere; as soon as they try to actually do anything with it, they will get landed with a hefty tax bill, and much of the “profit” simply disappears.

This is why Apple is in the weird position of having to continue borrowing large amounts of money, even while it is supposedly so “profitable”.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 2, 2015 3:00 UTC (Wed) by drag (guest, #31333) [Link] (17 responses)

If you make more money from borrowed money then you have to pay out in interest then it's silly not to borrow as much as you can.

Consumer debt is a crippling thing, but business debt is not such a bad thing if you have good accountants.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 3, 2015 17:32 UTC (Thu) by rahvin (guest, #16953) [Link] (16 responses)

In fact, not borrowing to build a business is a negative in any financial review as it indicates management that's neglecting assets. Several of the factors used to evaluate stocks look at debt load and no debt load is a negative, not a positive.

As you say this is contrary to what people are led to believe for personal finances so don't understand that business finances are a different game. But the reality is that debt used properly on the consumer side can be a good thing too. Margin investment, borrowing money to invest, is common.

It could also be argued that if you can borrow money on your house at 3% and invest that at 6% you'd be foolish not to load up your house with maximum debt and take that free 3%. Though there is a line of thought that risking your home on an investment is poor planning as your home is only one of a couple assets that are exempt in bankruptcy.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 3, 2015 21:18 UTC (Thu) by spaetz (guest, #32870) [Link] (8 responses)

> It could also be argued that if you can borrow money on your house at 3% and invest that at 6% you'd be foolish not to load up your house with maximum debt and take that free 3%.

Except that I have to pay ca. 50% income and other taxes on these 6% interest, making your offer unattractive.Interest payments on my mortgage on the other hand do not reduce my income,,ie cannot be deducted from my tax bill (different from firms) so that is not appealing either. In addition, this extra income will increase my income tax rate (yay progressive tax rates!!!) on my remaining income too, so I might be worse off after all. It would be nice if life were easy and things black and white :-) ...

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 6, 2015 10:33 UTC (Sun) by jospoortvliet (guest, #33164) [Link] (7 responses)

Wow, you live in a place where they tax income from investments? That's awesome, wish Europe and the US would do that... But of course, that 90% targets the rich and those poor people can't be taxed much or they might just stop creating all those jobs [/sarcasm]

If you have a tax system where making more money results in less income-after-taxes, that's a pretty bad situation. Even if it only happens in very rare circumstances... NL had that problem in the 80's and 90's, which is why they reformed the tax system so it pretty much never happens. Though, they piled up loads of new rules since then so I bet we're back to a situation where it is possible...

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 7, 2015 9:39 UTC (Mon) by NAR (subscriber, #1313) [Link] (3 responses)

In Hungary there is tax on income from investments. There's also tax on money transfers. Combined with low interest rates, this lead to the situation when you go into a bank, deposit some money there for couple of months, then get back the money and you eventually will have *less* money than you had before you went into the bank... This eventually leads to more cash exchanges, less transparent money handling (more black market) and less tax paid.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 7, 2015 12:32 UTC (Mon) by nye (subscriber, #51576) [Link] (1 responses)

>In Hungary there is tax...on money transfers

wat

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Oct 4, 2015 9:55 UTC (Sun) by ghane (guest, #1805) [Link]

... but the tax is levied through banks, and we all know that they are evil and rich. Who would have thought that businesses will pass on costs to consumers.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 13, 2015 8:00 UTC (Sun) by jospoortvliet (guest, #33164) [Link]

Ok, but inflation does this, too, and it is generally considered a good thing: it encourages use of money (investment or spending) and discourages (excessive) saving. Also, it benefits income earners and working people while it limits the income from idle capital - inherited wealth, typically.

Seems a pretty good system to me: rewards working. As long as you have a good pension system, that is, so people who work will get a decent pension.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 7, 2015 20:38 UTC (Mon) by Wol (subscriber, #4433) [Link] (2 responses)

> If you have a tax system where making more money results in less income-after-taxes, that's a pretty bad situation. Even if it only happens in very rare circumstances... NL had that problem in the 80's and 90's, which is why they reformed the tax system so it pretty much never happens.

We had this problem in Britain, too. I can't remember the details, but it was something like a 98% top rate of income tax - yes for every £100 gross, you got £2 net in your pocket. That applied to investment income. But investment income had a 15% surcharge on top, so for every £100 of investment income you paid £98 in income tax AND £15 in investment surcharge :-(

But, for the low paid (like me) THIS STILL HAPPENS :-( A lot of our benefits system is based on "for every pound you earn, you lose a pound of benefits". Crazy! and it gets worse - if you have two benefits, you can often lose a pound on each, so as a low paid worker you can lose several pounds benefit for every pound you earn. And other benefits are different, but just as bad - I had a "pay rise" 18 months ago or so - for an extra £75 pay, it took me over a "magic feature" so I lost the entire benefit - £60 - so for an extra day's work, I took home £15 :-( but a lot of benefits are like that - earn £1 under the magic limit and you get everything, £1 over and you lose the lot.

What I'd like to see is two "Catch all" figures - a "maximum marginal rate" where you can opt to pay that on ALL your income, and then that's it - no more income taxes. So the high income people have an upper limit they can opt in to. And, equally, at the bottom you have a similar rate you can opt into (set at the same figure as the high paid people?), and any income taxed like that is exempt from benefit calculations, so you can collect benefits and take home some of your earnings. And then the low paid can opt out when their income rises enough.

Cheers,
Wol

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 13, 2015 8:05 UTC (Sun) by jospoortvliet (guest, #33164) [Link] (1 responses)

I like the many proposals for a base income, entirely untaxed etc. And on top of that a fixed (or progressive) tax on any type of income. Any tax system has to deal with how it taxes business vs individuals and income from capital. The latter should imho be taxed strongly as a system should benefit the working, not inherited wealth. But the former is a though one. Ideally, you'd tax companies as little as possible (at least, only as far as needed to pay for the cost associated to their economic activity - the cost of safeguarding their buildings by police, the costs of the roads they need to their factories, the cost of waste disposal and so on). But then the loophole of letting a company run your affairs is opened up - most rich people use that now to avoid paying tax. They 'are' a company, and as they make no money with that company, they pay almost no tax.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 13, 2015 18:43 UTC (Sun) by Wol (subscriber, #4433) [Link]

I'd like to get rid of Corporation Tax entirely. You need a vehicle tax to pay for the roads, and remember that doubling the vehicle weight quadruples the damage to the road - in other words heavy lorries should pay the bulk of the cost.

Likewise, shared services should be a shared cost, waste disposal etc. The trouble with telling "people" (both corporate and real) to make their own arrangements is that many won't bother, so those who are honest end up paying the majority of a larger bill :-(

Get round the problem of rich people becoming corporations by doing what we Brits do already (not necessarily that well, though) and tax "benefits in kind".

And maybe tax expenses? It wouldn't go down too well, but if you make the company liable for tax on employees' expenses, maybe at one rate below the employee's top marginal rate, that won't impact the people at the bottom much but will impact on senior employees getting paid mostly through such claims.

Cheers,
Wol

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 7, 2015 12:54 UTC (Mon) by nye (subscriber, #51576) [Link] (6 responses)

>As you say this is contrary to what people are led to believe for personal finances so don't understand that business finances are a different game. But the reality is that debt used properly on the consumer side can be a good thing too. Margin investment, borrowing money to invest, is common.

More to the point, it's usual to borrow money to buy a house, and very rarely do people claim that this is a bad thing - basically only when somebody has been suckered into buying something for more than its true value. For most of us, taking out a mortgage is the only viable long-term strategy.

The reason that personal finances generally appear different to commercial finances is that in practice very little personal expenditure is actually an investment by any useful definition - either because what you are buying is not an asset, or is one that depreciates very rapidly.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 7, 2015 18:09 UTC (Mon) by mathstuf (subscriber, #69389) [Link]

Individuals also tend to not have enough to hire a accountants, lawyers, and finance lawyers to optimize money flow.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 8, 2015 16:59 UTC (Tue) by zlynx (guest, #2285) [Link] (4 responses)

> More to the point, it's usual to borrow money to buy a house, and very rarely do people claim that this is a bad thing

Quite a few people do claim it as a bad thing actually. Not that it is a bad thing for an individual, but for society.

What has happened is that instead of housing property being sold for its actual value, it is now being sold for what buyers can comfortably borrow. This resulted in a major shift in housing prices and a vast increase in real estate bubbles.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 9, 2015 10:19 UTC (Wed) by tialaramex (subscriber, #21167) [Link] (2 responses)

Worse, it went from "comfortably borrow" to "just about afford to borrow" and then "if you lie on these forms you'll be able to get a home, although you won't be able to afford food so you'll starve".

And the result is that we had to stop letting ordinary people borrow more than they could afford, even though it seems like just spelling it out would be enough the dream of "owning our own home" would drive people to do irrational things and we had to ban it in the UK.

We still have many thousands of people who've spent their working life "paying for the house" but were never actually paying for the house, just keeping the loan interest payments at bay, so when they stop paying they owe as much as ever. These deals were explained, they're pretty up front about what you're signing up to, and that you need to have a plan for how you'll actually pay the capital back, but because of this powerful desire to "own a home" people ignored the obvious problems and signed up.

In London the resulting bubble, and the relative physical security of the country has meant it no longer even matters if locals can afford a house, with or without a mortgage, the buyers are foreign, often crooks, looking to hide money in property. So the market no longer has anything whatever to do with who can afford to live there, or anything like that. If smuggling diamonds is paying better this year, or if there's a squeeze on corrupt government officials in South American oil producing states, the money flows into London, seizing up the housing market.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 9, 2015 17:14 UTC (Wed) by raven667 (subscriber, #5198) [Link] (1 responses)

This whole thing is a bit of a tangent but I did want to point out that it wasn't that the individuals were pushing up the housing bubble by falsifying their credit information, it was the _banks_ that were systematically falsifying creditworthiness information, to get around the rules already in place to prevent banks from putting all their money into high risk investments, because the banks thought that when they eventually foreclosed on the property that they would be able to sell it at an even higher inflated price, raking in interest income in the meantime, but that is not how any of that worked out. The high-risk interest rates were profitable enough in the short term that no one was very interested in whether any of it was sustainable.

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 10, 2015 15:54 UTC (Thu) by nix (subscriber, #2304) [Link]

There's a reason for this. The banks's models assumed that house prices would never fall, because they had a short enough baseline that in that baseline house prices had never fallen, and the staff were also largely too young to remember house prices falling.

Since house prices never fell, betting on them going up forever was safe, right? Right?

Re: Likely as long as they stay the most profitable company in the world...

Posted Sep 9, 2015 10:33 UTC (Wed) by nye (subscriber, #51576) [Link]

>Quite a few people do claim it as a bad thing actually. Not that it is a bad thing for an individual, but for society

Fair enough, but I think that's a separate issue really because, as you say, it's not bad for the *individual*.

It's unfortunate that the game is one where all possible moves are bad, and the least bad option for a given individual is often the one that's worst for the group as a whole.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 15:17 UTC (Wed) by raven667 (subscriber, #5198) [Link] (2 responses)

> Youtube and Netflix continue to serve H.264 to Apple devices [...] iPhones use twice as much bandwidth as all other devices. How long do you think Apple will tolerate that situation?

That's an extension of the status quo but I'm not sure how much pressure you think this puts on Apple since they are not paying for any of the bandwidth or storage used in this case, Google, Netflix pay on one end and the subscriber pays on the other, Apple is not involved anywhere. I'd be pretty hard to pin higher data usage charges on Apple in a way that changes customer behavior, especially as Apple targets more upmarket customers who may see higher costs as a badge of exclusivity.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 23:30 UTC (Wed) by roc (subscriber, #30627) [Link]

It's an easy marketing campaign for Apple's competitors.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 4, 2015 3:18 UTC (Fri) by ncm (guest, #165) [Link]

Maxing out your monthly LTE traffic cap in half the time vs. Android phones would be embarrassing even to Apple.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 0:44 UTC (Wed) by jmspeex (subscriber, #51639) [Link]

The current announcement is only a start. I would actually expect more companies to join and there's absolutely no reason Apple can't join if they wish to. Even if they don't join, they can still use the resulting codec. There are many companies who weren't involved directly in the Opus development but are still shipping it. All companies doing video are in the same boat here and are realizing that free codecs are the way to go. Keep in mind that many companies *with* patents in the MPEG-LA pool end up paying more royalties to use a codec than what they receive from being in the pool.

Wonder if even possible :-(

Posted Sep 2, 2015 4:32 UTC (Wed) by eru (subscriber, #2753) [Link] (3 responses)

The linked-to-article notes previous free codec efforts have always been bogged down by patent claims crawling from the woodwork, and "We talked to Alliance representatives from Microsoft and Google about how they would avoid a recurrence of these issues in the future. They did not offer any concrete plans. " Given the way patents work, this cannot be avoided. Even claims that turn out to be wrong have to be investigated, slowing the development and adoption. Others have to be worked around. By the time they are done, their code might not be competitive with some new "H.266" developed in the usual way.

Wonder if even possible :-(

Posted Sep 2, 2015 5:23 UTC (Wed) by roc (subscriber, #30627) [Link] (2 responses)

The situation isn't better for H.265.

And as a counter-point, consider Opus, where patent claims haven't really been a problem.

Wonder if even possible :-(

Posted Sep 2, 2015 8:51 UTC (Wed) by moltonel (subscriber, #45207) [Link] (1 responses)

Daala purposefully chose a technique completely different from all the codecs of the last decade to avoid all the associated patents (that's not the only reason of course, the technique also promises good performance).

Thor has hired an army of lawyers to scrutinize its technology and avoid non-owned patents.

VP9/10 is based on previous versions which have quite a decent patent record.

Of course nothing is completely failsafe in the patent world, but these codecs have a better than usual chance of being really Free.

Wonder if even possible :-(

Posted Sep 2, 2015 13:20 UTC (Wed) by drag (guest, #31333) [Link]

Developing new software and avoiding the patent mess entirely are mutually exclusive goals.

IP laws are a mess and they are heavily biased against people who don't have deep pockets and on-staff lawyers. The only people that really have a voice to change anything are larger corporations with ties with the Washington elite. Otherwise anybody advocating patent reform is otherwise persona non grata in the political arena and trying to turn it into a election issue is a exercise in futility.

So if these corporations see free codecs as a advantage and they are genuine in their interest to see this through then it's may turn out to be a very positive thing.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 2, 2015 14:09 UTC (Wed) by branden (guest, #7029) [Link] (2 responses)

Just speculating, but maybe one of the terms of the alliance is to split legal costs for any patent litigation 7 ways, to make Apple or MPEG-LA take on everybody at once if they want to try and screw this up.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 3, 2015 17:35 UTC (Thu) by rahvin (guest, #16953) [Link] (1 responses)

There's no way to force that. They would simply sue the smallest players in the market for patent violations and work their way up the food chain. This is patent litigation 101 for patent trolls. Use the settlements from companies that can't fight the suit to fund larger suits and on up the food chain until you have 100's of millions to fund a fight against the biggest companies.

Microsoft, Google, Amazon, others, aim for royalty-free video codecs (Ars Technica)

Posted Sep 7, 2015 20:57 UTC (Mon) by Wol (subscriber, #4433) [Link]

But the American system lets you strike first, if you have "a fear of being sued" ...

I've said this before, but if a troll starts suing the little guys, the big guys should strike and sue for a "declaration of non-infringement". That'll kill a lot of the patents very quickly ...

And if the troll says "we think you might infringe these patents" (which is what I would hope would happen) they are smoked out for a campaign of invalidation :-)

Cheers,
Wol

No they don't

Posted Sep 2, 2015 21:48 UTC (Wed) by Seegras (guest, #20463) [Link] (14 responses)

If they really would care about them, they would fight against that ludicrous interpretation of "algorithms-aren't-math" of the patent system.

No they don't

Posted Sep 3, 2015 8:42 UTC (Thu) by cate (subscriber, #1359) [Link] (2 responses)

Maybe because it is not pure maths. Many principles in codec are maths (e.g. block and subblock changes), but there is a lot of heuristics and human setup of parameters (on what/how to code on such changes). When we compare codecs compression we try to setup the same "perceived quality" (which is not maths).

No they don't

Posted Sep 3, 2015 17:15 UTC (Thu) by nybble41 (subscriber, #55106) [Link]

The algorithms, at least, are pure math. There may be some flexibility in the choice of parameters to those algorithms (assuming there's more to it than "try all the combinations and see which ones maximize this objective quality metric"), but that's a separate issue and applies only to the encoding side; the decoders must be deterministic.

If merely changing the encoding parameters to something slightly less optimal were enough to get around the patent, I don't think this would be nearly as much of a problem. The main issue is the monopoly granted on the math itself: the encoding _technique_, not the parameters.

No they don't

Posted Sep 5, 2015 12:23 UTC (Sat) by Wol (subscriber, #4433) [Link]

Actually, it IS all maths. If you can do it in your head and on paper IT'S MATHS. If, given the same input, you always get the same output, IT'S MATHS.

It only becomes "not maths" when you start using non-deterministic (ie ALL) hardware that is not guaranteed to produce the same result every time (and even then, you can MODEL the hardware, which IS MATHS, by using probability theory).

In other words, anything in the spec IS MATHS. Any programmatical implementation of the spec IS MATHS. Only when you add the instructions to the hardware does it cease to be maths, and telling a piece of general-purpose hardware to carry out the instructions it's designed to carry out does not a new patentable invention make.

In other words, this idea the American patent lawyers seem to have that sticking a CD into the CD drive of a PC makes a new invention, is a mockery of logic.

Cheers,
Wol

No they don't

Posted Sep 8, 2015 16:51 UTC (Tue) by zlynx (guest, #2285) [Link] (10 responses)

The problem with disallowing patents based on math is that all of reality is "just math" at some level.

Once someone implements detailed 3D printing, self-organizing or reprogrammable matter, where are patents then if math cannot be patented?

If the boundary on patents is "has an effect in the real world" well then algorithms for video codecs result in video playback via computer hardware which emits light which certainly does have a physical, real world effect.

No they don't

Posted Sep 8, 2015 17:37 UTC (Tue) by nybble41 (subscriber, #55106) [Link]

> If the boundary on patents is "has an effect in the real world" well then algorithms for video codecs result in video playback via computer hardware which emits light which certainly does have a physical, real world effect.

It's the computer hardware which has the real-world effect, not the algorithm. The algorithm is just an abstract mathematical description of how the outputs relate to the inputs, it does not and cannot have any real-world effect on its own.

No they don't

Posted Sep 8, 2015 19:21 UTC (Tue) by tao (subscriber, #17563) [Link]

Getting rid of a whole slew of patentable areas seem to me to be a net win, not a loss.

No they don't

Posted Sep 11, 2015 20:52 UTC (Fri) by Wol (subscriber, #4433) [Link] (6 responses)

Actually, reality is most definitely NOT maths, in any way shape or form. (Certainly in my philosophy ...)

We're back to the old PREscribe/DEscribe dichotomy. Maths DEscribes reality, it does not PREscribe reality. As such, they are two very distinct beasts. This can be seen very clearly, in the difference between a mathematical proof and a scientific proof. If you can prove something correct, then it's maths. If you can only prove something wrong, it's science.

In other words, if you can prove something correct, then it's not reality because you have no way of knowing FOR 100% SURE CERTAIN, that reality is actually going to do what the maths tells you it should - and in fact, we know as a matter of absolute certain fact, that if you use maths to predict what is going to happen, you have to use probability theory which instantly says "you can't predict what is definitely going to happen, only what is likely to happen".

Cheers,
Wol

No they don't

Posted Sep 12, 2015 20:13 UTC (Sat) by mathstuf (subscriber, #69389) [Link] (2 responses)

> If you can prove something correct, then it's maths.

Gödel proved that there exist correct statements that are unprovable in any given system (if the system is sufficiently complex). I don't think that makes those statements not-math, just not provable (from within the given system).

No they don't

Posted Sep 12, 2015 20:22 UTC (Sat) by Wol (subscriber, #4433) [Link] (1 responses)

Yup, just because "a implies b", it does NOT mean "b implies a".

As for Godel, I think that proof can be put simply as "arithmetic doesn't add up" :-)

The proof basically says, I think, that any self-aware logic is capable of making contradictory statements - that is an inevitable property of being self-aware. In other words, no logic system is capable of proving itself correct.

Cheers,
Wol

No they don't

Posted Sep 12, 2015 20:47 UTC (Sat) by mathstuf (subscriber, #69389) [Link]

> that any self-aware logic is capable of making contradictory statements

Not quite. The first proof shows that if a system is powerful enough ("powerful" being basic arithmetic; Peano numbers are strong enough), it has theorems which are true, but not provable within the system. The second shows that if a system contains a statement about its own consistency, it is inconsistent (no sufficiently powerful system can prove itself consistent).

Basically, if you want *all* true statements within a system, you must also admit false statements. Or you can miss out on "some" true statements. Generally, the second is preferred.

Now a system can be proven by *another* system to be consistent, but it brings up an interesting thought that the proven system then would necessarily be not powerful enough to give a proof of its prover (since, I think, then the prover would be able to prove itself). So a system can never be proven consistent by a proven-consistent system (since you can can never "tie the knot" without the whole thing falling back to "inconsistent").

No they don't

Posted Sep 14, 2015 16:57 UTC (Mon) by zlynx (guest, #2285) [Link] (2 responses)

> We're back to the old PREscribe/DEscribe dichotomy. Maths DEscribes reality, it does not PREscribe reality. As such, they are two very distinct beasts.

This is exactly the change that the future is bringing. This is why I was arguing that patents need to cover math.

Because in the future, math WILL prescribe reality through 3D printing, self assembling matter and nanotechnology of other sorts.

I can send you a mathematical description of an object, and if you have the right hardware on your end, that description becomes reality.

No they don't

Posted Sep 14, 2015 18:50 UTC (Mon) by nybble41 (subscriber, #55106) [Link]

> This is why I was arguing that patents need to cover math. ... I can send you a mathematical description of an object, and if you have the right hardware on your end, that description becomes reality.

Not that patents are a good idea in general, for math or anything else—as evidence, just go back and reread those two sentences to see how the pro-patent mindset has left you scrambling for a way to turn abundance back into scarcity—but it isn't necessary to grant patents on math to prevent the scenario you describe. If you have a patent on a device, that patent will apply to the output of a 3D printer just as much as it would apply to the same device manufactured any other way. In other words, the existence of 3D printing has no effect whatsoever on the patent system aside from ease of enforcement. The problem of enforcement is not addressed by expanding the definition of eligible subject matter.

No they don't

Posted Sep 14, 2015 23:13 UTC (Mon) by anselm (subscriber, #2796) [Link]

Patents aren't for specific objects. Patents – at least in reasonable places rather than the patent-crazy USA, where you could probably get a patent on blowing your nose if that was novel enough – are for specific technical processes to make objects.

No they don't

Posted Sep 11, 2015 20:56 UTC (Fri) by Wol (subscriber, #4433) [Link]

> Once someone implements detailed 3D printing, self-organizing or reprogrammable matter, where are patents then if math cannot be patented?

The problem with patenting maths, is that it is easy to show that such patents foreclose ALL solutions to the defined problem. This is unacceptable according to patent law and theory. The only way to patent maths is to define the problem.

And the whole point of patents is to protect *solutions* to said problem, but also leave the door wide open for others to provide *alternative* solutions to the *same* problem. If you've just patented the problem, you've just slammed, padlocked, and welded shut that door ...

Cheers,
Wol


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