Wheeler: Fixing Unix/Linux/POSIX Filenames

As nix says, the filename encodes a key to what the file contains. The encoding is radix-254 (NUL and '/' excluded.) This fully utilizes the ASCII control characters [\x01-\x1f] and also the sequences such as subsets of [\xfc-\xff]* which are disallowed by UTF-8. Radix-254 is almost 2 bits per byte more dense than the proposed radix-65 (26 upper case, 26 lower case, 10 digits, dot hyphen underscore). The OS imposes an upper bound on the length of a filename, and there are critical points at various shorter lengths where there are jumps in space*time costs. Enough utility is discarded by radix-65 (as opposed to radix-254) that customers complain.