And that's just a small sample. In addition, there are many papers using genetic algorithms to drive the heuristic decisions within various transformation passes.
Rethinking optimization for size
Posted Feb 8, 2013 22:20 UTC (Fri) by Shewmaker (subscriber, #1126)
[Link]
The first project that I remember seeing that seriously pursued automatically optimizing for whatever architecture you compiled it on was the ATLAS linear algebra library. It was moderately successful, but it could be beat by Goto's BLAS.
I remember ACOVEA too, but it looks like it is no longer being maintained.