A NILFS2 score card

But if the hardware has a FTL you have no real idea of how the actual hardware works. You only have the view through the FTL. Reading an erased block may return 0xFF. It may return 0x00. It might return the data that was in there before the "erase" operation. It might not read from the flash hardware at all because if the FTL has a range map of free/TRIM'd/secure-erased blocks it might check the range and return a purely synthetic block.