December 1, 2010
This article was contributed by Valerie Aurora (formerly Henson)
In the past two decades, the open source community has evolved from an
obscure grass-roots movement of wild-eyed crusaders, indigent grad
students, and spare-time hobbyists to an unprecedented worldwide
collaboration of full-time professionals and extraordinarily committed
volunteers. We pride ourselves on our openness to new contributors,
from any country or social background, and most often describe the
power structure of open source projects as a meritocracy. Many of us
believe that open source is inherently progressive - a way to level
the playing field that operates across all social categories and class
boundaries.
And yet, here it is, the year 2010,
and my
female friends and I are still being insulted, harassed, and groped at
at open source conferences. Some people argue that if women
really want to be involved in open source (or computing, or corporate
management, etc.), they will put up with being stalked, leered at, and
physically assaulted at conferences. But many of us argue instead
that putting up extra barriers to the participation of women will only
harm the open source community. We want more people in open source,
not fewer.
In this article, we will first explore the current state of harassment
in open source through interviews with ten women (including myself)
about their experiences at open source conferences. Then we will
describe some concrete, simple actions anyone can take to help reduce
harassment for everyone, not just women (who have no monopoly on being
the target of harassment). In particular, we'll discuss the recently
released generic
anti-harassment policy for open source conferences - basically,
HOWTO Not Be A Jerk At A Conference.
Interviews
I interviewed by email nine women about their experiences at open
source conferences. Harassment can and does happen to anyone of any
gender identity or persuasion (just ask anyone who has been to middle
school), but I know enough to write about only two kinds of
harassment: the kind you get for being female, and the kind you get
for using Emacs. I strongly encourage other
people to write about their experiences being harassed at conferences,
as harassment is an important problem no matter who it happens to.
The women I interviewed are: Cat
Allman, FOSS community organizer at Google and event professional,
Donna Benjamin, executive
director of Creative Contingencies, Beth Lynn Eicher,
an organizer of Ohio LinuxFest,
Selena Deckelmann, major contributor
to PostgreSQL and founder of
Open Source Bridge,
Mackenzie Morgan, Ubuntu developer,
Deb Nicholson, an
organizer
of LibrePlanet and
the FSF Women's Caucus,
Noirin Shirley, Executive VP
at Apache Software Foundation,
Sarah "Sez" Smith, and one
anonymous respondent. I
interviewed myself for a tenth
woman. Nine of us have been harassed at one or more conferences. Of
the nine of us who have served as conference organizers, eight of us
have dealt with at least one incident of harassment at a conference we
were running.
First, I asked each person about their first open source conference:
Which one was it, what year, and what do you remember the most?
Cat Allman recalls the atmosphere at the 1998 forerunner
of OSCON: It was "Joyous
pandemonium: it was a gathering of the tribes, a religious festival,
the morning of the first day of a Children's Crusade; so much passion
and belief in one room." Donna Benjamin went
to LCA 2006 "Intending to stay
just for the miniconfs, but having such an awesome time, meeting
awesome people and changing my flights to stay for the whole week."
Sarah Smith loved the "grass roots feel"
of LCA 2002. Selena Deckelmann
says of LISA 1997: "I
felt energized and enjoyed meeting new people - students and
professionals - and talking about all the free software we all used to
do our work."
My first open source conference was Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002. I
was surprised by how nice the other kernel developers were in person.
People I knew as unholy terrors on the mailing lists smiled and shook
my hand and said, "How nice to finally meet you in person!" I ended
up inviting ten or so people back to my hotel room to play
the TCP/IP Drinking
Game, including (to my delighted newbie surprise) Alan Cox and
Rusty Russell.
Next, I asked about a time each person felt uncomfortable at a
conference. Unfortunately, this was an easy question to answer for
most. Anonymous says:
One event a group of men put print-outs of
Hans Reiser on sticks and carried them around. They approached women
(and possibly men) to tell us that every time we use ext3, Reiser will
kill another woman. Later someone was caught taking up-skirt photos of
my friend's partner.
Mackenzie Morgan says,
A presenter had
a title
slide followed by a slide of bikini-clad women holding laptops, which
he said was just to get people to pay attention. I'm not sure if we
were supposed to pay attention to the women or to what he was saying
though.
Selena Deckelmann says:
I give talks, organize and spend a lot of
time in conference booths, I frequently have to deal with conference
attendees ignoring me and asking questions of male colleagues standing
next to me because they think that I am non-technical.
For Selena,
as for many women, it's a double-bind: "I have to be very aggressive
when initiating conversation to get people to talk with me about
technical subjects," but then her behavior is "incorrectly
interpreted
as flirting." Beth Lynn had the same experience: "I was at a
conference where a man mistook my friendliness and technical interest
as sexual attraction to him." Mackenzie says, "At one
conference, it
was implied that another engineer was only agreeing with me on a
technical matter because I would pay him back with a sexual favor
later."
Cat Allman says that computer conferences have come a long way in the
last 25 years - but that they still have a long way to go. She says
of a conference in the mid-1980s: "Male attendees would walk up to you
- even if you were in a group - and ask 'How much for a (sex act)?'
You tried hard not get in an elevator in the convention center alone."
Now, women hired to wear company polo shirts and g-strings (true
story) are rare outside of Las Vegas, but the problem of a
sexualized
environment remains:
I go to technical conferences for business,
technical content and fellowship, not to hook up or engage in
voyeurism. If I go to CES in Vegas I go with the understanding that
porn is part of the business of that conference, but I find overt
sexual behaviors unexpected and off-topic at FOSS conferences.
Deb
Nicholson says the days of "eye candy" are far from over. She says of
an event held within the last two years, "When strippers were hired to
mix with people at the Saturday night event everyone attended, that
made everyone uncomfortable."
Three of the ten women reported being physically assaulted at a
conference. Mackenzie says, "I was grabbed from behind and kissed by
a stranger without permission." Later she found out that this person
assaulted another woman at the conference. Noirin Shirley says after
a man grabbed and kissed her at a conference after-party, she told him
she wasn't interested, and "He responded by jamming his hand into my
underwear and fumbling." At
the Linux Storage and
Filesystems Workshop 2007, I organized a group outing to a pub,
only to have one of the invited workshop attendees grab my ass while I
was having a completely normal conversation. (I told him to never
touch me again, warned my friends about him, and refused to speak to
him again.)
Next, I asked about how people decide which conferences to attend.
Besides the obvious factors - time, location, travel funding, speaker
status, who is attending - reputation of conference organizers and
attendee behavior came out as a major factor.
Beth Lynn says, "If the conference has a reputation for encouraging
unprofessional behaviour such as a sexual environment, I will not
go. For this reason I am not attending Penguicon any more." Cat says,
"If I think an event organizer turns a blind eye to questionable
behavior I'll pass on the event." Noirin Shirley says, "It's
word-of-mouth and knowing some of the organizers, knowing that they're
not going to put on an event where bad behaviour is tolerated."
I base my decision on three major elements: the reputation of the
conference organizers, the word-of-mouth from my friends, and my past
experience at that conference (if any). For example, anything run by
the Linux Foundation will be extremely professional, respectful of
women, and rank high on the getting-stuff-done factor.
I only stopped attending one open source conference altogether
because of consistently bad behavior of both attendees and the
organizers: the Ottawa Linux Symposium. This was a difficult decision
for me because, at the time, attending OLS was almost a requirement
for any serious Linux kernel developer, since that's where a lot of
the face-to-face design work and discussion got done. But every year
I attended, I was insulted, lewdly propositioned, or groped by several
people, by everyone from newbies to top Linux kernel developers. This
happened even though I was a speaker, BOF organizer, or program
committee member for five years. The organizers appeared to condone the
behavior by doing things like giving a wink-wink nudge-nudge review of
conference shenanigans before the keynote, and "playfully" nagging
attendees not to bring girlfriends or women they picked up on the
street to the conference parties. (Message: OLS is for men, women go
home.) I complained to the conference organizers but got no response.
After OLS 2006, I decided that I cared about being treated
respectfully more than I cared about advancing my career, and stopped
attending OLS. Luckily for me, the Linux Plumbers Conference started soon
after, and I volunteered to help get Plumbers off the ground, in large
part because the organizers were clearly committed to creating a
professional, welcoming, get-things-done atmosphere. To be fair, it's
been a few years since these incidents, and the OLS organizers have
gone their separate ways, so I wouldn't be surprised if they have had
a change of heart about what makes a good conference.
Changing the atmosphere
So how we do we go about changing the culture of open source
conferences so that we don't chase off the very people we want to
attract, both women and men? Judging from the past ten years of my
experience, harassment at open source conferences is not going to stop
all by itself. We have to take action.
A good first step is for conferences and communities to adopt and
enforce explicit policies or codes of conduct that spell out what kind
of behavior won't be tolerated and what response it will get. Much in
the way that people don't stop speeding unless they get speeding
tickets, or that murder is totally unacceptable to most people but
laws against it still exist, harassment at conferences may seem
obviously wrong, but stopping it will require written rules and
enforceable penalties.
To get things started, I helped write a customizable,
general-purpose
anti-harassment policy for open source conferences. For online
communities,
the Ubuntu code of
conduct is a good place to start.
If you want to do something personally to help stop harassment, you
have a few options. You can email the organizers of conferences you
like to attend asking if they have a policy for dealing with
harassment, and suggesting this one as an
example. (You
can find a list of conferences and their contact email addresses in
this blog post about the policy.) If you are a conference
organizer, you can skip the middleman and adopt the policy yourself.
If you have the Internet, you can write a blog entry and post on
your favorite short-message site about the policy. And, finally, if you
see harassment
happening or hear people bragging about it, you can speak up and stop
it yourself.
Donna Benjamin says, "We want harassment not to happen in the first
place, because dealing with it is so deeply unpleasant for all
concerned. But with silence and inaction, women just stop coming to
events, and harassers keep harassing." What Donna is suggesting is
something we can all work towards: a time when polices like this are
no longer needed. I'm going to work for that time. Will you join me?
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