Atomicity vs durability

remember that the drive has it's own buffer (that usually isn't battery backed), and it will tell the OS that the data is written when it's in the buffer, not when it is on the disk. it then can re-order the writes to the disk.

so everything that you are screaming that the OS should guarantee can be broken by the hardware after the OS has done it's best.

you can buy/configure your hardware to not behave this way, but it costs a bunch (either in money or in performance). similarly you can configure your filesystem to give you added protection, at a significant added cost in performance.